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NOG Lab

Nutrition, Oral and Gut Microbiome Research Lab

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What we ask

  1. How does early-life malnutrition alter the oral and gut microbiome in Pakistani children?

  2. Can microbiome signatures predict stunting and growth outcomes in undernourished populations?

  3. How does smokeless tobacco use reshape the oral microbial ecosystem and increase cancer risk?

  4. What dietary interventions can restore healthy microbiome diversity in at-risk children?

  5. How do host–microbiome interactions connect nutritional status to systemic health outcomes?

Who we are

About the Lab

NOG Lab — Nutrition, Oral, Gut Microbiome research illustration

The Nutrition, Oral and Gut Microbiome (NOG) Lab at Khyber Medical University investigates how nutrition and microbial communities influence human health across the life course. Our research focuses on the oral and gut microbiomes, nutrition–microbiome interactions, and their roles in health and disease with particular emphasis on malnutrition and vulnerable populations. Using interdisciplinary approaches integrating microbiology, molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics, and clinical research, we explore host–microbiome interactions and how diet and nutritional status shape microbial ecosystems. Our work aims to identify microbiome signatures associated with health and disease and develop evidence-based strategies to improve health outcomes, especially among children at risk of malnutrition.

  • Oral Microbiome

    The human mouth harbours one of the body's most diverse microbial ecosystems, playing a vital role in both oral and syst

  • Gut Microbiome

    The gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in nutrition, metabolism, immune function, and healthy development. Our rese

  • Nutrition–Microbiome Interactions

    Nutrition and the microbiome are closely interconnected, with diet shaping microbial communities and, in turn, the micro

When we look closely at human health, we keep finding the same truth: we are never alone. Trillions of microbes in our mouths and guts live alongside us, shaping how we grow, how we fight disease, and how our bodies use

Explore our research

Principal Investigator

When we look closely at human health, we keep finding the same truth: we are never alone. Trillions of microbes in our mouths and guts live alongside us, shaping how we grow, how we fight disease, and how our bodies use the food we eat.

At the NOG Lab, our work asks how these invisible communities can be understood — and harnessed — to protect the people who are most vulnerable, particularly children affected by malnutrition here in Pakistan.

We bring together microbiology, genomics, bioinformatics, and clinical insight, and we train the next generation of scientists to carry this work forward. I invite you to explore our research, meet our team, and consider joining us.

— Dr. Muhammad Shahzad, Principal Investigator

Dr Muhammad Shahzad

Muhammad Shahzad

Principal Investigator · NOG Lab

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Institutional Affiliation

Our research programme is strengthened through collaborations with leading national and international researchers and institutions. Our collaborative network supports knowledge exchange, interdisciplinary research, capacity building, and translation of scientific discoveries into meaningful health impacts. Through our global collaborations, we aim to advance microbiome research, develop innovative approaches, build research capacity, and generate evidence that contributes to improving health outcomes across diverse populations.

Impact at a glance

51

Publications

6

Active Projects

5

Team Members

6

Collaborators

Our work

Research projects

  • Nutrition–Microbiome Interactions

    Dietary intake, nutritional status and gut microbiome of adolescent Afghan refugees

    In this project, we investigated the gut microbiome of adolescent Afghan refugees to understand how nutrition and health shape microbial communities in vulnerable populations. Our study identified links between gut microbial diversity, body weight, age, and micronutrient status, providing important insights into the role of the microbiome in nutrition and health.

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  • Gut Microbiome

    CHAMP – Child Health And Microbiome Development Study, Pakistan

    The CHAMP study aimed to longitudinally assess oral and gut microbiome development and associated factors during early childhood in populations residing in malnutrition-endemic communities in Pakistan. This was a prospective cohort of mother-infant pairs (n=70) conducted in remote rural communities of District Swat, Pakistan from May–June 2024–26.

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  • Oral Microbiome

    Smokeless tobacco (Naswar) induced oral cancer in Pakistan, mechanistic insights

    Smokeless tobacco (Naswar) use is an issue of public health concern in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Epidemiological evidence suggests a strong causal association between Naswar use and incidence of oral cancer. This study aims to unravel the biological mechanism underlying naswar-induced oral carcinogenesis by focusing on (1) changes in oral microbiome diversity and functions, (2) inflammation, and (3) oxidative stress in Naswar users.

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Where we work

Field sites across Pakistan

Our research spans 1 study site — from urban hospitals in Peshawar to rural communities in Balochistan — generating population‑level microbiome data at scale.

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Our output

Recent publications

  1. 2026Article

    The oral microbiome profile of Pakistani infants characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing

    Shahzad M, Ismail M, Islam MJ ul et al. Data in Brief

  2. 2026Article

    Editorial: From diet to dental health: harnessing data and digital health records

    Felix Gomez GG, Shahzad M Frontiers in Oral Health

  3. 2026Article

    Traditional Oral Hygiene Practices and Their Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

    Shahzad M, Ahmad HA, Ambadi S et al. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry

Latest

News & events

grant

NOG Lab Awarded HEC NRPU Grant for Gut Microbiome Study in Malnourished Children

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award

NOG Lab PhD Student Wins Best Oral Presentation at World Microbiome Congress 2024

World Microbiome Congress, Dublin, Ireland

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conference

NOG Lab Presents Three Papers at Pakistan Society for Microbiology Annual Conference

Pakistan Society for Microbiology, Islamabad

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